Produced by: Mark Kordich and Kevin Nickels
Corruption and scandal has plagued the multibillion dollar Three Gorges Dam Project,
meant to tame China's largest river and achieve the world's largest hydroelectric dam.
Most recently, the head of the Three Gorges
Development Project Corporation has disappeared and so has 1 billion
yuan
(U.S.$120 million) of state funds.
Missing is Jin Wenchao, manager of the now bankrupt corporation that
was
formed to finance and direct the building of the largest dam in the
world. In
the last two years, instances of widespread theft and embezzlement have
surfaced, further tainting the already controversial construction
started in
December, 1994.
The 60 billion yuan project, approved by the Chinese National People's
Congress in April 1992, was invented to prevent the devastating
flooding of
the Yangtze and generate hydroelectric power to the surrounding
regions.
Environmental organizations around the world have condemned the
project,
claiming the dam will cause enormous environmental damage. Located in
northeastern China, the dam is being built in Xiling Gorge on the
western
border of Hubei Province. The dam will create the world's largest
reservoir,
flooding 22 million acres of land, reaching westward 375 miles.
The attempt to relocate almost 2 million people is just as enormous a
task as
the construction of the dam itself. More than 30 billion yuan was
originally budgeted to achieve the massive resettlement that was
scheduled
to be halfway accomplished this year.
The International Rivers Network, a nongovernmental agency based in
Berkeley, Calif., which has supplied a major voice against the project,
claimed that official resettlement figures have been routinely
falsified. A
field report released by the IRN claimed that reported resettlement
success
stories
have been fabricated by corrupt project officials. Chinese journalists
reported that in a press conference in January, county officials
claimed
200,000 people had been resettled. Yet reports from senior officials of
the
Three Gorges Project Resettlement Bureau had conflicting information.
The head of the bureau, Qi Lin, was quoted in the Wanxian Daily as
saying,
"... only about 100,000 have been properly resettled, according to the
government's own definition."
Officially, the resettlement involves locating
the removed family a new home, new livelihood and compensation for its
losses. Relocation has since been at a standstill for the past three
months,
according to reports from the South China Morning Post.
Investigating specific allegations of corruption, Chinese auditors
reported,
during a National Audit Work Conference in Beijing in January, that
nearly
500 million yuan - 12 percent of the relocation budget - had been
embezzled
or wasted by local officials. Auditor General Li Jinhua announced he
uncovered fraud, official misconduct and waste by nearly all government
agencies associated with the project.
Jin's daughter, Jin Jihul, and his son, Jin Jiyuan, were arrested for
embezzling more than 300 million yuan, after the collapse of the
Zhengzhou
trust and investment co-operative. Local protests in the streets of
Zhengzhou
last year by people demanding their money prompted Premier Zhu Rongji
to
order an investigation into the collapse of the trust, founded in 1993
by Jin
in his home town to help finance the project through local investments.
Information and news on the scandal have been slim because of a news
blackout
ordered by Zhu in 1998.
As details are uncovered, suggesting that the widespread corruption has
resulted in a loss of almost a billion yuan, officials of high
government
positions may also be implicated. Chinese President Jiang Zemin
announced
in January that, "...there will be no limits on this investigation, and
those
guilty will be brought to justice no matter how high the office."
More than 1,700 senior officials and state company managers have since
been
punished or fired, according to a May 13 story in the South China
Morning
Post. In February, the head of the land management bureau from the
province
of Fengdu, which is to be partly flooded by the reservoir, was
sentenced to
death
by a Chinese court in Chongqing. Huang Faxiang's death sentence for
embezzling 15 million yuan was the first of its kind so far.